Assessment  of  grammatical  knowledge  is  a  rather  neglected  area  of  research  in  the  field with  many  open  questions  (Purpura,  2004).  The  present  research  incorporates  recent proposals  about  the  nature  of  grammatical  development  to  create  a  framework  consisting of dimensions of complexity, range and strength, and studies which dimension(s) can best predict the stat...

Part III of this three-part paper about CARDIFRC 1 , a class of high performance short steel fibre-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCCs), deals with the measurement of the tensile response of CARDIFRC 1 mixes on a specially developed specimen geometry and loading arrangement. It also compares the measured mechanical properties (Young’s modulus, E, compressive strength, fc, tensile streng...

The present accent rating study investigates the interaction between accent strength and grammatical correctness on perceived accentedness. German native (L1) listeners rated German sentences produced by L1 and non-native (L2) speakers. Sentences either contained a grammatical error or were grammatically correct. Results showed that grammatical correctness affected the accent rating of sentence...

In this study, the influence of different weight percentages of glass fiber (GF) reinforcement on the mechanical properties of nylon (PA6) composite is investigated. Test specimens of pure nylon, 95% nylon + 5% GF, 90% nylon + 10% GF, 85% nylon + 15% GF and 80% nylon + 20% GF are prepared using an injection molding machine. In the experiments, tensile tests and impact tests are carried out. The...

The cause of island effects has evoked considerable debate within syntax and other fields of linguistics. The two competing approaches stand out: the grammatical analysis; and the working-memory (WM)-based processing analysis. In this paper we report three experiments designed to test one of the premises of the WM-based processing analysis: that the strength of island effects should vary as a f...

when studying russian morphology, one can distinguish two categories. these categories are “grammatical” and “lexico-grammatical”. grammatical categories can be specified through a series of grammatical features of words. considering different criteria, russian grammarians and linguists divide grammatical categories of their language into different types. in determining lexico-grammatical types...

Previous studies have suggested that both automatic and intentional processes contribute to the learning of grammar and fragment knowledge in artificial grammar learning (AGL) tasks. To explore the relative contribution of automatic and intentional processes to knowledge gained in AGL, we utilized dual-task methodology to dissociate automatic and intentional grammar- and fragment-based knowledg...

Artificial grammar learning is a popular paradigm to study syntactic ability in nonhuman animals. Subjects are first trained to recognize strings of tokens that are sequenced according to grammatical rules. Next, to test if recognition depends on grammaticality, subjects are presented with grammar-consistent and grammar-violating test strings, which they should discriminate between. However, si...

The source of syntactic island effects has been a topic of considerable debate within linguistics and psycholinguistics. Explanations fall into three basic categories: grammatical theories, which posit specific grammatical constraints that exclude extraction from islands; grounded theories, which posit grammaticized constraints that have arisen to adapt to constraints on learning or parsing; an...